Airport Noise and Pollution Can Effect Your Health

Researchers have known for years that exposure to excessively loud noise can cause changes in blood pressure as well as changes in sleep and digestive patterns, all signs of stress on the human body. The very word â€Å"noise† itself derives from the Latin word â€Å"noxia,† which means injury or hurt. Airport Noise and Pollution Increase Risk for Illness On a 1997 questionnaire distributed to two groups (one living near a major airport, and the other in a quiet neighborhood), two-thirds of those living near the airport indicated they were bothered by aircraft noise, and most said that it interfered with their daily activities. The same two-thirds complained more than the other group of sleep difficulties, and also perceived themselves as being in poorer health. Perhaps even more alarming, the European Commission, which governs the European Union (E.U.), considers living near an airport to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke, as increased blood pressure from noise pollution can trigger these more serious maladies. The E.U. estimates that 20% of Europe’s population (about 80 million people) are exposed to airport noise levels it considers unhealthy and unacceptable. Airport Noise Affects Children Airport noise can also have negative effects on children’s health and development. A 1980 study examining the impact of airport noise on children’s health found higher blood pressure in kids living near Los Angeles’ LAX airport than in those living farther away. A 1995 German study found a link between chronic noise exposure at Munich’s International Airport and elevated nervous system activity and cardiovascular levels in children living nearby. A 2005 study published in the prestigious British medical journal, The Lancet, found that kids living near airports in Britain, Holland, and Spain lagged behind their classmates in reading by two months for every five-decibel increase above average noise levels in their surroundings. The study also associated aircraft noise with lowered reading comprehension, even after socio-economic differences were considered. Citizen Groups Concerned About Effects of Airport Noise and Pollution Living near an airport also means facing significant exposure to air pollution. Jack Saporito of the U.S. Citizens Aviation Watch Association (CAW), a coalition of concerned municipalities and advocacy groups, cites several studies linking pollutants common around airports (such as diesel exhaust, carbon monoxide and leaked chemicals) to cancer, asthma, liver damage, lung disease, lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, and even depression. A recent study pinpointed ground taxiing by planes at busy airports as the source of large amounts of carbon monoxide, which in turn appears to increase the prevalence of asthma within 10 kilometers of the airport. CAW is lobbying for the clean up of jet engine exhaust as well as the scrapping or modification of airport expansion plans across the country. Another group working on this issue is Chicago’s Alliance of Residents Concerning O’Hare, which lobbies and conducts extensive public education campaigns in an effort to cut noise and pollution and rein in expansion plans at the world’s busiest airport. According to the group, five million area residents may be suffering adverse health effects as a result of O’Hare, only one of four major airports in the region.

The Acquisition Of Language As A Fundamental Basis For A...

Conclusion The acquisition of language forms a fundamental basis for a child’s development, it is an essential social skill which children need for communicating, building relationships with others, and learning (Brock and Rankin, 2008). As a general rule acquisition of language follows a systematic sequence (Boyd and Bee, 2009), however some children experience atypical language development and are developmentally delayed with certain characteristics of language (Hawa and Spanoudis, 2013). In the case of Marcus, a contributing factor towards his speech delay may have been psychosocial deprivation and a lack of interaction and infant directed speech from his Mother (Hill and Saffran, 2005). It appears there are many theories relating to the discourse about how children acquire and develop language, and there have been many notable contributions and concepts offered across the decades; however no one theory is able to offer irrefutable evidence as to how language is acquired (Otto, 2006). Historically there is some dissension amongst psychologists about the origins of language acquisition, and whether this is due to nature or nurture (Hulit and Howard, 2002); however neuroscience research supports the idea that children possess a biological predisposition to detect and process language signals (Slater, 1998). Piagetian theory offers an outline of child development in terms of language acquisition and cognitive processing (Heo et al., 2011); however Piaget’s theories neglectShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of Children s Language1485 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscuss the development of children s language, and the different rates that children learn the language and the methods that they use to do this, this also takes into account those children who have SEN, learning difficulties or children who have been diagnosed with a language delay. The definition of language delay is; if he or she is not meeting the language developmental milestones for his or her age. (www.he althline.com/health/language-delay) Child A 3 Years 5 Months Child, A was sat playingRead MoreLifespan Developmental Psychology: An Overview4022 Words   |  16 PagesDevelopmental Psychology An Overview Development is process which starts from the moment the child is conceived by his mother. And it doesnt stops when the childhood ends. 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This essay will considerRead MoreNature and Nurture in Language Acquisition Essay2339 Words   |  10 Pages Language is considered one of the attributes that define human beings as a unique species. We are the only species able to employ complex language to communicate our feelings, intentions and also to teach others. Although language is such an exclusive and intricate skill, infants can learn it fairly quickly. Child vocabulary grows very fast once they say their first words growing from 5-20 words at 18-months to about 6000 words by the age of 5 (Bates, 2003). This remarkable ability to acquire languageRead MoreCritical Period And Language Acquisition1765 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Period and Language Acquisition Fatemeh Akhavan Kazemzadeh Department of Literature and Humanity Abstract A common belief concerning Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) is that after a certain age, usually after fifteen years of age or simply after puberty, native-like proficiency of adult language learners would be markedly less successful than their younger counterparts. 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All of us had undergone oral language when we are still young and as it develops and as we grow and mature, it enables us to be more knowledgeable and prepares us to a more needed comprehension in reading. This two are significant and are interrelated to each other. As a parent, talking to the child helps expands vocabulary, develop backgroundRead MoreThe Mother Tongue Language as the Medium of Instruction from Kinder to Grade 33204 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract This study analyzes the perception of BEED students of Taguig City University towards Mother Tongue Language as the medium of instruction from kinder to Grade 3. Through this study, it will identify if the students believe that the utilization of mother tongue in teaching Math and Science can elevate the competitiveness of every student. Based from the result of this study, it was found out that the BEED students prefer Mother tongue based education system in Math and Science. But theyRead MoreBrain Research and Its Influence on Language Development and Acquisition2517 Words   |  11 PagesBrain Research and its Influence on Language Development and Acquisition Tasha Maxon Ashford University Language Development in Young Children ECE 315 Pilar Carroll August 23, 2010 Brain Research and its Influence on Language Development and Acquisition Language acquisition is one of the most fundamental human traits, and it is obviously the brain that undergoes the developmental changes (Sakai, 2005, p. 815-819). During the years of language acquisition, the brain not only stores linguisticRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Essay2157 Words   |  9 PagesSummary The paper is fundamental as it looks at the No Child Left Behind Act that was put into practice because the American education system was no longer internationally competitive. The outcome of the challenge is the federal education system function was increased towards holding schools accountable for the academic progress of all students. The implication here is that the No Child Left Behind Act focused primarily on states and schools, so as to boost the performance of different groups of

History of Sunnah Free Essays

Deutsch |Francais| Espanol | About Us |Contact Us islamweb english Thursday, November 29, 2012 Muharram 15, 1434 Welcome to Islam Fatwa Articles Fiqh Boys Girls E-Books Women Multimedia Quran Recitations Lectures Athan Duaa Islamic Songs Movies Services Prayer Times Weather Forecast Calendar Converter Special Folders Palestine Ramadhaan Oasis Hajj Umrah Xmas New Year’s Sacred Months Valentine’s Day Newsletter Email Newsletter icon, E-mail Newsletter icon, Email List icon, E-mail List icon Sign up for our Email Newsletter Vote Can Morsi restore Egypt’s leadership? Yes No Vote Results History of the Sunnah -I: At the time of the Prophet [Rate: The article has not yet been rated] Rating 0 | Vote! Print Send this Article to friend Read : 11234 | Print : 429 | Sent : 0 | Rate : 0 22/09/2010 Muslims were, early on, aware of the significance of the Sunnah and its authority. They, one generation after the other, were keen to preserve the Sunnah because they saw that as a part of the preserving of the last revelations man is ever to receive. Their efforts were unabated, and the remarkable job they did is unparalleled in the experience of any other religion or civilization. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Sunnah or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the time of the Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ): One of the main reasons behind this is the fact that the Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) clearly taught the Companions may Allaah be pleased with them the importance of his Sunnah, its place in Islam and their role in saving it, teaching and conveying it to others around them and to those who would come after them. In so doing, he sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) followed an effective methodology, which will be briefly outlined below: 1. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) emphasized the importance of seeking knowledge and teaching it to others. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) said: â€Å"Seeking knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male and female). † [Ibn Maajah] Also, he sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) said: â€Å"Whosoever pursues a path to seek knowledge therein, Allaah will thereby make easy for him a path to Paradise. No people gather together in one of the houses of Allaah (mosques), reciting the Book of Allaah and studying it among themselves, without tranquility descending upon them, mercy enveloping them and angles surrounding them, and Allaah making mention of them to those (angels) who are with Him. † [Muslim] 2. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) always had a center for teaching. Most of the time, it was the mosque. 3. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) was soft in his dealings and always facilitated things and made them easy for others. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) was merciful and humble and made himself readily available. 4. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) never pushed people into anything. Instead, he sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) gradually taught them and led them to change. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) always motivated them to follow his example and be their best. 5. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) would not continuously teach or work with them, but he would give them enough breaks to avoid overstressing or boring them. 6. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) spoke plainly and clearly and he sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) talked to people at their level of understanding and intellectual ability. Whenever appropriate, he sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) spoke to people in their own dialect for the Arabs had different dialects. . He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) used the method of repetition. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) would repeat whatever he wanted to stress for three times to insure that all heard him properly and clearly understood what he sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) was saying. 8. When questioned, he sallallaahu `al ayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) would give more than what is expected as an answer and use the occasion to further clarify things for all, and teach about other things. . Whenever the Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) had to choose between two ways, he sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) chose the easier way, which had facility and mercy if there was nothing forbidden in that, and he sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) kept away from the difficult and harsh ways. 10. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) attached special attention to teaching the women and provided them special times for questions. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) encouraged them to ask and learn. 11. He sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) used to do his best in everything, and he sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) perfected whatever he did, thus setting an example for others. The era of the Companions and their Followers The Companions may Allaah be pleased with them did their utmost to convey Islam to the generations succeeding them in the best and most accurate way possible. They sincerely loved it, honestly lived according to it and faithfully preserved it and kept any impurity or irregularity out of it. Their role in the preservation of Islam was one of utmost importance to its continuation, but they were highly prepared for it by the best teacher and trainer, the Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ). Thus the studying of this era, especially with respect to the history and authority of the Sunnah, is necessary to all Students of Knowledge. And since this article will not provide enough details to properly cover the subject, it is recommended that the readers consult the following list of books on the subject: Studies of Early Hadeeth Literature by M. M. Azami, Sunnah Qabla at-Tadween (the Sunnah before Writing) by Ajaj Al-Khateeb, The Sunnah and its Place in Islam by Mustafa As-Siba’ee, Manhajj an-Naqd fi Uloom Al-Hadeeth (The Methodology of Critique in the Sciences of Hadeeth) by Noor-ud-deen Etr, Al-Hadeeth wal Muhaddithoon (Hadeeth and Hadeeth Narrators) by Muhammad M. Abu Zahou, and Hujjiatus Sunnah (The Authority of the Sunnah) by Houcine Chouat. Methodology of the Companions in Preserving the Sunnah Before discussing the Companions’ ways of learning, practicing, preserving and conveying of the Sunnah, it is worthwhile to shed some light on the main points one needs to understand about the Companions may Allaah be pleased with them and their methodology: 1. The Companions may Allaah be pleased with them were fully aware of the responsibility they shoulder after the death of the Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ). . The Companions may Allaah be pleased with them are all trustworthy. They may Allaah be pleased with them never doubted one another in the matters of this religion and the narration of Hadeeth. 3. The Companions may Allaah be pleased with them have developed a methodology for scrutinizing Hadeeths and narrators, and by doing that have established the rules of ascertaining narrations for those w ho came after them. 4. The ability of different Companions may Allaah be pleased with them to understand the Sunnah, memorize it and convey it varied from one Companion to another. . The Companions may Allaah be pleased with them left Makkah and Madeenah to many places around the Muslim world, at the time, for the purpose of delivering the message and teaching Islam to those who accepted it thus spreading the Sunnah throughout the land. It is interesting to note that about 750 Companions may Allaah be pleased with them narrated Hadeeths, seven of whom narrated a high number of Hadeeths, and about twenty narrated an average number, the rest narrated a small number. The seven who narrated a large number of Hadeeths are: Abu Hurayrah who narrated 5374 Hadeeths, ‘Abdullaah Ibn ‘Umar narrated 2630, Anas Ibn Maalik narrated 2286, ‘Aa’ishah narrated 2210 Hadeeths, ‘Abdullaah Ibn ‘Abbaas narrated 1660, Jaabir Ibn ‘Abdullaah narrated 1540, and Abu Sa’eed AI-Khudri narrated 1100 Hadeeths may Allaah be pleased with them. They understood their role and were aware of the significance of their ability in narrating the Hadeeths and did their best to deliver them diligently and accurately. Muslims of all times are indebted to them may Allaah be pleased with them. History of the Sunnah -II: The era of the Companions and their followers Related Articles The two most authentic books of Hadeeth The Sunnah: The second source of legislation Origination of Sunnah from the Prophet More New Popular Guest Book Articles Fatwa Multimedia Subject Published on 1 Words of divorce 2012/11/29 2 Youth loved by Allaah – II 2012/11/29 3 Youth loved by Allaah – I 2012/11/29 Occasions 1 The Sacred Months 2 The Sacred Month of Muharram 3 The beginning of a New Islamic Year All rights reserved to IslamWeb.  © 2012 How to cite History of Sunnah, Essay examples

The Federalist Papers and Federalism Essay Example For Students

The Federalist Papers and Federalism Essay The Federalist Papers and FederalismThe Federalist Papers were mostly the product of two young men:Alexander Hamilton of New York, age 32, and James Madison of Virginia, age 36. Both men sometimes wrote four papers in a single week. An older scholar, JohnJay, later named as first chief justice of the Supreme Court, wrote five of thepapers. Hamilton, who had been an aide to Washington during the Revolution,asked Madison and Jay to help him in this project. Their purpose was topersuade the New York convention to ratify the just-drafted Constitution. Theywould separately write a series of letters to New York newspapers, under thepseudonym, Publius. In the letters they would explain and defend theConstitution. Hamilton started the idea and outlined the sequence of topics to bediscussed, and addressed most of them in fifty-one of the letters. MadisonsTwenty-nine letters have proved to be the most memorable in their balance andideas of governmental power. It is not clear whether The Federalist Papers,written between October 1787 and May 1788 had any effect on New Yorks andVirginias ratification of the Constitution. Encyclopedia Britannica defines Federalism as, A mode of politicalorganization that unites independent states within a larger political frameworkwhile still allowing each state to maintain its own political integrity (712). Having just won a revolution against an oppressive monarchy, the Americancolonists were in willing to replace it with another monarchy style ofgovernment. On the other hand, their experience with the disorganization underthe Articles of Confederation, due to unfair competition between the individualstates, made them a little more receptive to an increase in national powers. Anumber of Federalist Papers argued that a new kind of balance, never achievedelsewhere was possible. The Papers were themselves a balance or compromisebetween the nationalist ideas of Hamilton, who wrote more for the commercialinterests of New York, and the uneasiness of Madison, who shared the skepticismof distant authority widely held by Virginia farmers. In American Government and Politics Today, Madison proposed that,instead of the absolute sovereignty of each state under the Articles ofConfederation. The states would retain a residual sovereignty in all areaswhich did not require national concern. The very process of ratification of theConstitution, he argued, symbolized the concept of federalism (77). He said:This assent and ratification is to be given by the people, not asindividuals composing one entire nation, but as composing the distinct andindividual States to which they respectively belong The act, therefore,establishing the Constitution, will not be a national but a federal act (qtd inAmerican 85). The Federalist Papers also provide the first specific mention we have ofthe idea of checks and balances as a way of restricting governmental power andpreventing its abuse. Both Hamilton and Madison regarded this as the mostpowerful form of government. As conceived, popularly elected House ofRepresentatives would be checked and balanced by a more conservative Senatepicked by state legislatures. (in 1913 the 17th Amendment changed this to thepopular election of senators). Hamilton observed in letter number 78 that, Ademocratic assembly is to be checked by a democratic senate and both these by ademocratic chief magistrate (318). In what many historians agree is his most brilliant essay, number 78. Hamilton defended the Supreme Courts right to rule upon the constitutionalityof laws passed by national or state legislatures. This historically crucialpower of judicial review, he argued, was an appropriate check on thelegislature, The pestilential breath of faction may poison the fountains ofjustice (317). Hamilton rejected the British system of allowing the Parliamentto override by majority vote any court decision it finds to its dislike. Thecourts of justice are to be considered the bulwarks of a limited Constitutionagainst legislative encroachments (318). Only the difficult process ofamending the Constitution or the gradual transformation of its members toanother viewpoint, could reverse the Supreme Courts interpretation of thatdocument. None Essay His main concern was the need, To break and control the violence of faction (36). Meaning political parties. He regarded political partys as the greatest danger to popular government. Madison wrote: I understand a number of citizens are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. These passions or interests .